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Salian dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
See also: Salian Franks and Salic law. The Salian dynasty was a dynasty in the High Middle Ages of four German Kings ... 3 Salian Emperors. 4 See also. 5 References ...
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The Salian dynasty was a dynasty in the High Middle Ages of four List of German Kings and Emperors#Kings (1024-1125), also known as the Frankish dynasty after the family's origin and role as dukes of Franconia. All of these kings were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor (1027-1125), to which entity, the term 'Salic dynasty' also refers, as a separate term.
After the death of the last saxon of the Ottonian Dynasty in 1024, first the elected crown of 'King of Germany' and then three years later the prince-elector of Holy Roman Empire both passed to the first monarch of the List of German monarchs in the person of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, the only son of Henry of Speyer, both territories in the Franconia of the era. He was elected King of Germany in 1024 and crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire on 26 March 1027.
The four Salian kings of the dynasty — Conrad II, Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor — ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1027 to 1125, and firmly established their monarchy as a major European power. Their main accomplishment was the development of a permanent administrative system based on a class of public officials answerable to the crown.
Origins The ancestral dynasty was founded by Werner of Worms, Germany and his son Duke Conrad the Red of Lorraine, who died in 955. Conrad the Red was married to Luitgard, a daughter of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, their son was Otto I, Duke of Carinthia (ruled 978-1004).
Duke Otto's sons were Pope Gregory V, Conrad and Henry of Speyer, count of Speyer. Henry, count of Speyer, was the father of the first Salian Emperor Conrad II.
Pope Leo IX was a relative of the dynasty as well, since his grandfather Hugo III was the brother of Adelheid, the grandmother of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor.
Ruling in the Holy Roman Empire A principal reason for the success of the early Salians was their alliance with the church, a policy begun by Otto I, which gave them the material support they needed to subdue rebellious dukes. In time, however, the church came to regret this close relationship. The relationship broke down in 1075 during what came to be known as the Investiture Controversy (or Investiture Dispute), a struggle in which the reformist pope, Pope Gregory VII, demanded that Henry IV renounce his rights over the German church. The pope also attacked the concept of monarchy by divine right and gained the support of significant elements of the German nobility interested in limiting imperial absolutism. More important, the pope forbade church officials under pain of excommunication to support Henry as they had so freely done in the past. In the end, Henry journeyed to Canossa in northern Italy in 1077 to do penance and to receive absolution from the pope. However, he resumed the practice of lay investiture (appointment of religious officials by civil authorities) and arranged the election of an antipope.
The monarch's struggle with the papacy resulted in a war that ravaged through the Holy Roman Empire from 1077 until the Concordat of Worms in 1122. This agreement stipulated that the pope was to appoint high church officials but gave the German king the right to veto the papal choices. Imperial control of Italy was lost for a time, and the imperial crown became dependent on the political support of competing aristocratic factions. Feudalism also became more widespread as freemen sought protection by swearing allegiance to a lord. These powerful local rulers, having thereby acquired extensive territories and large military retinues, took over administration within their territories and organized it around an increasing number of castles. The most powerful of these local rulers came to be called princes rather than dukes.
According to the laws of the feudal system of the Holy Roman Empire, the king had no claims on the vassals of the other princes, only on those living within his family's territory. Lacking the support of the formerly independent vassals and weakened by the increasing hostility of the church, the monarchy lost its preeminence. Thus, the Investiture Contest strengthened local power in the Holy Roman Empire in contrast to what was happening in France and England, where the growth of a centralized royal power was under way. The Investiture Contest had an additional effect. The long struggle between emperor and pope hurt the Holy Roman Empire's intellectual life, in this period largely confined to monasteries, and the empire no longer led or even kept pace with developments occurring in France and Italy. For instance, no universities were founded in the Holy Roman Empire until the fourteenth century.
The first Hohenstaufen king Conrad III was a grandson of the Salian Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. (The heiress of Salian family territories were issue of Agnes of Waiblingen, Henry IV's daughter and Henry V's sister: her first marriage produced the royal and imperial Hohenstaufen dynasty and her second marriage the ducal Babenberg potentates of Duchy of Austria which was elevated much due to such connections Privilegium Minus.)
Salian Emperors
- Conrad II 1024-1039, emperor 1027
- Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor 1039-1056, emperor 1046
- Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 1056-1106 emperor 1084
- Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 1106-1125, emperor 1111
Their regnal dates as emperor are confused by the issue of election and subsequent coronation.
References
Salian dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Salian dynasty was a dynasty in the High Middle Ages of four German Kings (1024-1125), also known as the Frankish dynasty after the family's origin and role as dukes of ...
Salian Commercial
Salian Commercial is based in St. Louis, Missouri and specializes in commercial construction services.
Salian Law - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Salian Law
Law adopted in the Middle Ages by several European royal houses, excluding women from succession to the throne. The name derives mistakenly from the Salian or northern division of ...
Salian Law definition of Salian Law in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
Salian Law: see Germanic laws Germanic laws, customary law codes of the Germans before their contact with the Romans. They are unknown to us except through casual references of ...
Salian Commercial
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Flickr: (salian)'s Photostream
salian)'s photostream Collections Sets Tags Map Archives Favorites Profile. Slideshow. Guest Passes let you share your photos that aren't public.
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About (salian) / Sherryl Lian ← Photostream. I'm a rank amateur in photography, having just realized only late 2006 that cameras need not only be whipped out on New Years and ...
The Salian Century (Stefan Weinfurter) - book review
Main Currents in an Age of Transition | When Emperor Henry II died in 1024 without an heir, a new German king was elected, from a family that was later named Salian...
Salian - definition of Salian by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus ...
Sa·li·an (s l-n, s l y n) adj. Of or relating to a tribe of Franks who settled in the Rhine region of the Netherlands in the fourth century a.d. n.
SALIAN
SALIAN ... SALIAN. Marriage: Unknown General Notes: Origins of the Salian Line